class IntArrayStack {
private:

  int *data, // pointer to dynamically allocated array
      capacity; // capacity of stack, size of array
  bool elastic; // true if capacity of stack (i.e. the size of the array)
                // can be changed as required.

  int count; // number of values on stack

public:

  // creates an "elastic" stack
  IntArrayStack ();

  // creates a stack with a fixed capacity
  IntArrayStack (int capacity);

  IntArrayStack (const IntArrayStack &otherStack);

  ~IntArrayStack ();

  // throws an "overflow_error" exception if the stack has a fixed
  // capacity and is full.
  void push (int value);

  // throws an "overflow_error" exception if the stack is empty
  int pop ();

  bool isEmpty() const { return count == 0; }

  int getcount() const { return count; }

  // copies contents only (capacity attributes are not copied).
  // throws an "overflow_error" exception if the destination stack
  // has a fixed capacity and this is not large enough.
  IntArrayStack& operator= (const IntArrayStack &otherStack);

};